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      April 2010

Dear Subscriber,
 Earth Day 2010 logo
Happy Earth Day!  Our lead story (#1) on "Good to the Last Volt" follows along with an IRI position that electric cars will soon replace fossil fuel burning cars in the next few years, for many synergistic reasons. IEEE Spectrum offers a concern that is voiced by other magazines like Portfolio  bizjournal, (April 5, 2010) that "range anxiety" is the chief reason for consumer hesitancy about electric cars. Our lead story may surprise you since it reveals a "limp mode" that allows a driver to go past the limit on discharge, once in a while, to get extra mileage (and to get home). However, the good news is that the Electric Transportation Engineering Corp. (eTec), a subsidiary of Ecotality (http://ecotality.com/), just received a $99.8 million grant from the U.S. Energy Department to install 11,210 charging stations in homes and public places in five states: Arizona, California, Oregon, Tennessee, and Washington, which is a big boost to the electric car infrastructure. We are also keeping an eye on the water electrolysis developments, such as MIT's Professor Belcher who (see #3 story below) has bacteria providing energy for splitting water. This seems to revive the old anecdotal belief that someday we can run a car on water.  Both of these developments are great news for Earth Day supporters and a serious cause for Shell and other oil companies to prepare for the day when their product will be obsolete, based on superior, essentially fueless cars, as well as CO2 and NO2 pollution fines issued by the future, empowered EPA under the existing Clean Air Act. 
 
Sincerely,
 
Thomas Valone, President
 
IN THIS ISSUE
1) Good To the Last Volt
2) A Green Machine for Exercise
3) Viruses Harnessed to Split Water Into Hydrogen Fuel
4) Smart Engineering Brings LED Lights Where There Is No Electricity
5) Can Geothermal Power Compete with Coal on Price?
 
 
QUICK LINKS
 
 
 
 
 
 
1) Good to the Last Volt
 http://spectrum.ieee.org/green-tech/advanced-cars/reva-electric-car-co-lets-you-overdraw-your-battery

BY Peter Fairley //  IEEE Spectrum, April 2010

Bank cards let you overdraw your account when you must on the understanding that you'll pay it back when you can. If you could do the same for your electric car by overdrawing the battery, it'd sure alleviate range anxiety-the fear that you might get stranded far from an electric plug.

Overdrawing your battery simply means taking advantage of a power reserve that today's control systems deliberately build in to preserve the electrodes and thus extend battery life. The reserve can amount to 30 percent of the battery's capacity. In the Chevrolet Volt, a plug-in hybrid that will use a gasoline engine as a range extender-and thus can afford to protect the battery's life very carefully-the pure-electric reserve will reportedly come to 40 percent.

Reva Electric Car Co., based in Bangalore, India, and the world's leader in electric vehicle (EV) sales, is parlaying data from the 135 million kilometers (84 million miles) logged by its EVs into an expert system that can give drivers an extra 10 km. The system, called REVive, uses remote communications to enable the system to determine how much extra charge can be accessed without doing harm.

"This is really a very complex problem," says Chetan Maini, Reva's chief technology officer. "This is not something that you could fix in an algorithm that meets all situations."

Photo: Reva Electric Car Co.
Doubly Green The Reva NXR runs on volts alone.

When REVive receives a text or voice message from the driver, it remotely accesses the vehicle's three-year store of data on such crucial parameters as the battery's age, the number of charge cycles, whether it's been scorching in Mumbai or freeze-thawing in Oslo, and how aggressively the car has been driven. REVive feeds that data to algorithms, resets the range gauge, and puts the car in a "limp mode" akin to that of a laptop on a power-saving regime. 

REVive will be a standard feature in future Reva EVs, starting with a lithium-ion-battery version of its NXR subcompact to be released later this year in India and Europe. The car comes with an already substantial 160-km range, double that of the carmaker's EVs powered by traditional lead-acid batteries.

Reva's solution has merit, according to Andrew Burke, a research engineer and battery expert at the Institute of Transportation Systems, at the University of California, Davis. He says that although deep discharges are in general bad for battery life, they can be allowed once in a while without causing real damage, given that the extra range is profoundly reassuring to customers.

Photo: Daimler
Enough to Limp Home: The Daimler Smart ForTwo electric car lets you get below the red line.

Burke was himself reassured a decade ago, when he drove an electric car that Honda marketed briefly under California's zero-emissions vehicle program. On three or four occasions he miscalculated how far he'd be driving but nevertheless made it home, thanks to the car's limp mode. Inching along was no fun, recalls Burke, but "I was happy to get home any way."

Limp mode is a feature on the updated electric-drive version of the Smart ForTwo, which Daimler began test-leasing in December, according to Pitt Moos, the vehicle's product manager. But Moos sees no need to proceed further to the "hassle" of a system such as REVive, betting instead that time and consumer experience will dispel range anxiety. "People who are very scared of getting stopped by zero percent [state of charge] won't buy or lease battery EVs," says Moos. "Those who [do] will learn the cars and feel perfectly safe after a while. They will pass their experience along, and the market will grow."

Still, if REVive can assuage range anxiety, it will boost the sales of the Reva, push other manufacturers into similar battery-management schemes, and expand the EV market that much faster.

 
2) A Green Machine for Exercising
Washington Post/Express,  Vicky Hallett, April 20, 2010

Green Revolution bikes

ALL GROUP EXERCISE instructors want to have a high-energy class. But usually they can't measure it in watts.

That changed Monday when Washington Sports Clubs' Columbia Heights location (3100 14th St. NW; 202-986-2281) held its 6:30 a.m. spinning session. Just in time for Earth Day, the bikes have been retrofitted with Green Revolution technology so that riders generate power with every turn of the pedals. The harder the class works, the less energy the club needs.

"Keep the music pumping," jokingly commanded Karl Baumgart, national training director for Green Revolution, who taught the class and introduced riders to the new interface. Instead of turning the knob clockwise to up resistance, you adjust to your desired level - from 0 to 20 - with a touch-pad screen that also shows how much energy you've sent to the grid. (There's a dimmer on there, too, so you can make sure your data stay private.)

No single cyclist generates that much power in 45 minutes, "but add in the next bike and the one next to that," Baumgart says. Once you have a room of bikes being used regularly, you can see real results - the company estimates an average class over a year would be able to light 72 homes for a month.

The club plans to get a scoreboard for the front of the spinning studio soon so students can see the combined total.Green revolution exercise bike

But looking at just your personal output has an impact on your workout because you have "specificity." If you did 65 watts one class, you'll know you worked harder the next time if you managed to eke out 67. It also instantly shows you how much more energy you're creating at higher levels, so you have extra incentive to kick it up a notch.

Having access to that metric excites cycling regular Natasha Bonhomme, 26, who was one of the first to try the bikes. "It's nice that it's not calories or fat. But it's something you can use to gauge where you are," she says.

As for where this technology is, this is just the beginning, promises Baumgart. The company's first installation was a year ago. Now they're in 12 facilities across North America (including this one, which is the first in the D.C. area). The company also has ellipticals, treadmills and rowing machines in development. The vision: a gym that creates all its own energy.

More power to them.

Photos by Lawrence Luk for Express

 
 
3) Viruses Harnessed To Split Water
MIT team's biologically based system taps the power of sunlight directly, with the aim of turning water into hydrogen fuel.
 
.A computer visualization of the biologically based system shows the virus itself  (in yellow) with molecules of pigment (in pink) and of the metal catalyst (brown spheres) attached to its surface.  The pigment and catalyst cause water molecules to split apart when they come in contact.  Grpahic courtesy of Angela Belcher.
Electrolysis with viruses
 
A team of MIT researchers has found a novel way to mimic the process by which plants use the power of sunlight to split water and make chemical fuel to power their growth. In this case, the team used a modified virus as a kind of biological scaffold that can assemble the nanoscale components needed to split the hydrogen and oxygen atoms of a water molecule.

Splitting water is one way to solve the basic problem of solar energy: It's only available when the sun shines. By using sunlight to make hydrogen from water, the hydrogen can then be stored and used at any time to generate electricity using a fuel cell, or to make liquid fuels (or be used directly) for cars and trucks.

Other researchers have made systems that use electricity, which can be provided by solar panels, to split water molecules, but the new biologically based system skips the intermediate steps and uses sunlight to power the reaction directly. The advance is described in a paper published on April 11 in Nature Nanotechnology. The Italian energy company Eni supported the research through the MIT Energy Initiative (MITEI).

The team, led by Angela Belcher, the Germeshausen Professor of Materials Science and Engineering and Biological Engineering, engineered a common, harmless bacterial virus called M13 so that it would attract and bind with molecules of a catalyst (the team used iridium oxide) and a biological pigment (zinc porphyrins). The viruses became wire-like devices that could very efficiently split the oxygen from water molecules.

Over time, however, the virus-wires would clump together and lose their effectiveness, so the researchers added an extra step: encapsulating them in a microgel matrix, so they maintained their uniform arrangement and kept their stability and efficiency.

While hydrogen obtained from water is the gas that would be used as a fuel, the splitting of oxygen from water is the more technically challenging "half-reaction" in the process, Belcher explains, so her team focused on this part. Plants and cyanobacteria (also called blue-green algae), she says, "have evolved highly organized photosynthetic systems for the efficient oxidation of water." Other researchers have tried to use the photosynthetic parts of plants directly for harnessing sunlight, but these materials can have structural stability issues.

Belcher decided that instead of borrowing plants' components, she would borrow their methods. In plant cells, natural pigments are used to absorb sunlight, while catalysts then promote the water-splitting reaction. That's the process Belcher and her team, including doctoral student Yoon Sung Nam, the lead author of the new paper, decided to imitate.

In the team's system, the viruses simply act as a kind of scaffolding, causing the pigments and catalysts to line up with the right kind of spacing to trigger the water-splitting reaction. The role of the pigments is "to act as an antenna to capture the light," Belcher explains, "and then transfer the energy down the length of the virus, like a wire. The virus is a very efficient harvester of light, with these porphyrins attached.

"We use components people have used before," she adds, "but we use biology to organize them for us, so you get better efficiency."

Using the virus to make the system assemble itself improves the efficiency of the oxygen production fourfold, Nam says. The researchers hope to find a similar biologically based system to perform the other half of the process, the production of hydrogen. Currently, the hydrogen atoms from the water get split into their component protons and electrons; a second part of the system, now being developed, would combine these back into hydrogen atoms and molecules. The team is also working to find a more commonplace, less-expensive material for the catalyst, to replace the relatively rare and costly iridium used in this proof-of-concept study.

Thomas Mallouk, the DuPont Professor of Materials Chemistry and Physics at Pennsylvania State University, who was not involved in this work, says, "This is an extremely clever piece of work that addresses one of the most difficult problems in artificial photosynthesis, namely, the nanoscale organization of the components in order to control electron transfer rates."

He adds: "There is a daunting combination of problems to be solved before this or any other artificial photosynthetic system could actually be useful for energy conversion." To be cost-competitive with other approaches to solar power, he says, the system would need to be at least 10 times more efficient than natural photosynthesis, be able to repeat the reaction a billion times, and use less expensive materials. "This is unlikely to happen in the near future," he says. "Nevertheless, the design idea illustrated in this paper could ultimately help with an important piece of the puzzle."

Belcher will not even speculate about how long it might take to develop this into a commercial product, but she says that within two years she expects to have a prototype device that can carry out the whole process of splitting water into oxygen and hydrogen, using a self-sustaining and durable system.
Dr. Angela Belcher, Prof of Material Science and Engineering & Biological Engineering, demonstrates a virus-templated catalyst solution used in harnessing energy from water. Photo: Dominick Reuter.
 
 
Dr. Angela Belcher


 .
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
RELATED ARTICLES
 
Dexter Johnson // Mon, April 12, 2010, IEEE Spectrum,
 
 http://spectrum.ieee.org/nanoclast/semiconductors/nanotechnology/artificial-photosynthesis-achieved-with-nanotechnology
-

Last week my rueful exposition on the state of applying nanotechnology to mobile phones received support and encouragement from Kristen Kulinowski, who was recently highlighted over at Andrew Maynardâ''s 20/20 blog.

In addition to the encouragement, I was asked about my supposition on the possibility of virus-enabled lithium-ion batteries being commercially available by the end of this year.

These batteries build on Angela Belcherâ''s research at MIT of getting organic materials, like a man-made virus, to attract inorganic materials like gold, or in the case of this battery technology the viruses coat themselves with iron phosphate.

But as far as this technology being in batteries by the end of year, I have to say I have not heard that. If I did hear someone say that I would have to laugh quietly (or silently) to myself.

You see, Dr. Belcher along with Evelyn Hu of the University of California, Santa Barbara set up Cambrios Technologies Corp. in 2002 to commercialize the early work that Hu and Belcher did in this area. Let me repeat: in 2002. And as far as I know, and I am open to correction here, there is no commercial use of their technology at this point.

It is difficult to do the kind of ground-breaking science Belcher and others have done, but its difficulty pales in comparison to getting lab work into a commercially available product. In other words, let's be prepared to hold our breaths past the end of this year

 
By using man-made viruses to organize components into a precise nanoscaleorganization, MIT researchers mimic photosynthesis

Preliminary research performed by Angela Belcher and her team at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has demonstrated a new way for breaking water down into hydrogen and oxygen-a sort of artificial photosynthesis-that departs from other methods by borrowing the methods plants use rather than their components.

Belcher, the Germeshausen Professor of Materials Science and Engineering and Biological Engineering at MIT, and her team used a man-made virus to serve as a scaffold that attracts molecules of the catalyst iridium oxide and a biological pigment (zinc porphyrins). The viruses then become "wire-like" and are able to split the water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen by having
just the right spacing to induce the reaction.

While other artificial photosynthesis methods have attempted to used the photosynthetic parts of plants, Belcher and the lead author of the paper in Nature Nanotechnology, Yoon Sung Nam, followed the method plants use of having a natural pigment attract the sunlight and then using a catalyst to split the water into hydrogen and oxygen.

In the MIT article cited above Thomas Mallouk, the DuPont Professor of Materials Chemistry and Physics at Pennsylvania State University, describes the work as ".an extremely clever piece of work that addresses one of the most difficult problems in artificial photosynthesis, namely, the nanoscale organization of the components in order to control electron transfer rates."

The idea behind artificial photosynthesis is to create a method of energy conversion using sunlight. But this preliminary research is a long way from providing an alternative energy source. At the end of the article when Belcher is prodded to provide a timetable for a commercial product she is wisely reluctant, offering only that "within two years she expects to have a prototype device that can carry out the whole process of splitting water into oxygen and hydrogen, using a self-sustaining and durable system."

Well done, Professor Belcher. I have noted before when discussing the potential for virus-enabled lithium-ion batteries to make it into commercial markets within a year, that often times people neglect to take into account that business sometimes much longer than science. A phenomenon with which Professor Belcher is herself aware with one of her own companies, I'm sure.
 
 
4) Smart Engineering brings LED Lights Where There Is No Electricity
 by Chris Mallinos, The Epoch Times, October 2009
 http://www.theepochtimes.com/n2/content/view/24539/
 
Smart engineering and market-driven approach help the poorest.

And Dave said, "Let there be light."

Trekking among snow-capped mountains in Nepal's Thorung La pass, Dr. Dave Irvine-Halliday remembers being struck by the poverty there as much as he was by the natural beauty.

The villagers lived very basic, antiquated lives. People were overworked, underfed, and had few opportunities. Perhaps not surprisingly, many of them looked old for their age.

Being a professor of electrical engineering, he noticed something else, too.

"I looked into the window of a schoolhouse, and it was just so dark," Irvine-Halliday explains from his home in Calgary. "I wondered how kids could read and study."

In a remote area of the country and with little money, the villagers there had no electricity. They relied on dim kerosene lamps that were expensive to refill and gave off toxic fumes.

So Irvine-Halliday set off to help, eager to find a safe and affordable lighting alternative for those Nepalese villagers. What he didn't realize is that he'd soon be embarking down a much larger path, one of development and empowerment.

After two years of tinkering, Irvine-Halliday was back in Nepal to test a solar-powered white LED lighting system, one he developed to fit the needs of impoverished communities. The trial run was an immediate success. Before long, locals were basking in something they had never seen before-indoor light.

"The response was incredible," Irvine-Halliday says. "People were in tears, begging us not to take the light away."

For the first time, children could study at night without getting sick from dangerous kerosene fumes. Parents could work full days knowing they didn't have to cook and do chores before sundown. Disposable income could go toward food, instead of refilling those dirty kerosene lamps.

Literally with the flick of a switch, lives changed.
 Indian light up a kerosene petromax lamp in their home in the tribal hamlet of Wada, in Thane, outskirts of Mumbai on November 18, 2007.
India lighting


So began Light Up the World, an organization started by Irvine-Halliday and dedicated to illuminating the lives of the 1.6 billion people who have no electricity. In the decade since those first tests in Nepal, 17,000 homes in 51 countries have been lit.

In fact, Irvine-Halliday's white LED lights can now be found from Afghanistan to Zambia.

It's difficult to imagine just what this means. For most of us, simple indoor lighting is something we take for granted. But for someone who has never had it, light opens up a whole new world.


Light Up the World's projects are often greeted by singing and dancing villagers, people who are overjoyed to finally "have eyes," as one put it. At an orphanage in Tibet, organizers had to turn off their new lights because the children were so excited they didn't want to sleep.

"It's so emotional," Irvine-Halliday explains. "On almost every trip, you're rubbing your eyes, your heart rate goes up."

But Light Up the World is no charity. Instead, it prescribes to an increasingly innovative form of development where recipients are not given handouts. Instead, they are expected to be active participants.

Villagers purchase their lights for as little as $150. That may seem expensive, but when you consider that families in developing countries can spend one-third or more of their income on kerosene for their lamps, solar-powered white LEDs are a welcome financial relief.

In two years or less, most villagers are able to pay off their lights just from the money they save on kerosene. And with no further fuel purchases needed, the savings continue long after the lights are paid in full.

What's more, Light Up the World trains locals to install and repair the lights, creating jobs where there were few before.

"We have to get these villages to light themselves," Irvine-Halliday says. "Ultimately, it has to be a market-driven solution."

That approach, pioneered by Nobel laureate Muhammad Yunus, is now being duplicated around the world. Partnerships like these give impoverished villagers a sense of pride, empowerment, and ownership over their own future-something mere aid cannot do.

Most importantly, it shows that global poverty is not simply a lack of income. It's a lack of opportunity.

These days, Irvine-Halliday has turned his attention to improving his white LED technology. He's even founded a company in India, where a staggering 400 million people live without electricity, which he hopes will produce even better lights at half the cost.

Despite his success, Irvine-Halliday sounds more like a man who's just getting started.

"I hope I do this until the day I die," he says. "Once you start thinking about this, as human beings, it gets to you. For a few dollars, spent in the right place and in the right way, you can change peoples' lives."

 
Chris Mallinos is a Toronto-based journalist whose work has appeared on six continents and in seven languages. You can reach him at www.chrismallinos.com 
 
 
5) Can Geothermal  Power Compete with Coal on Price?

By Christopher Mims, Scientific American, March 2, 2009

http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?id=can-geothermal-power-compete-with-coal-o
n-price&sc=WR_20090303

An investment bank report says geothermal energy is now cheaper per kilowatt-hour than coal-derived power. But there are lots of caveats

 Although the environmental benefits of burning less fossil fuel by using renewable sources of energy-such as geothermal, hydropower, solar and wind-are clear, there's been a serious roadblock in their adoption: cost per
kilowatt-hour.

That barrier may be opening, however-at least for one of these sources. Two
recent reports, among others, suggest that geothermal may actually be
cheaper than every other source, including coal. Geothermal power plants
work by pumping hot water from deep beneath Earth's surface, which can
either be used to turn steam turbines directly or to heat a second, more
volatile liquid such as isobutane (which then turns a steam turbine).

Combine a new U.S. president pushing a stimulus package that includes $28 billion in direct subsidies for renewable energy with another $13 billion for research and development, and the picture for renewable
energy-geothermal power among the options-is brightening. The newest report, from international investment bank Credit Suisse, says geothermal power costs 3.6 cents per kilowatt-hour, versus 5.5 cents per kilowatt-hour for coal.

That does not mean companies are rushing to build geothermal plants: There are a number of assumptions in the geothermal figure. First, there are the tax incentives, which save about 1.9 cents per kilowatt-hour. Those won't necessarily last forever, however-although the stimulus bill extended them through 2013.

Second, the Credit Suisse analysis relied on what is called the "levelized cost of energy," or the total cost to produce a given unit of energy. Embedded within this figure is an assumption that the money to build a new
geothermal plant is available at reasonable interest rates-on the order of 8
percent.

In today's economic climate, that just isn't the case. "In general, there is financing out there for geothermal, but it's difficult to get and it's expensive," Geothermal Energy Association director Karl Gawell told
ScientificAmerican.com recently. "You have to have a really premium project to get even credit card interest rates."

That means very high up-front costs. As a result, companies are more likely to spend money on things with lower front-end costs, like natural gas-powered plants, which are cheap to build but relatively expensive to
operate because of the cost of the fuel needed to run them.

"Natural gas is popular for this reason," says Kevin Kitz, an engineer at Boise, Idaho-based U.S. Geothermal, Inc, which owns and operates three geothermal sites. "It has a low capital cost, and even if you project cost
of natural gas to be high in future, if you use a high [interest rate in your model] that doesn't matter very much."

Natural gas, which came in at 5.2 cents per kilowatt-hour in the analysis, is also popular because it can be deployed anywhere, whereas only 13 U.S. states have identified geothermal resources. Although this limits the scalability of geothermal power, a 2008 survey by the U.S. Geological Survey estimates that the U.S. possesses 40,000 megawatts of geothermal energy that could be exploited using today's technology. (For comparison, the average coal-fired power plant in the U.S. has a capacity of more than 500 MW.)

There's another significant issue: finding geothermal resources. In that way, the geothermal industry has the same challenges as the oil and gas industry. The Credit Suisse analysis doesn't factor in exploration costs,
which can run hundreds of thousands of dollars for per well.

"The United States Geological Survey estimates that 70 to 80 percent of U.S. geothermal resources are hidden," Gawell says. "You can't see it on the surface, and we don't have the technology to find it without blind drilling. ... Geothermal hasn't had the breakthroughs in geophysical science that the
oil industry had in 1920s. We are still looking for where it's leaking out of the ground."

Despite these caveats, the new analysis is backed up by earlier ones, such as a 2006 Western Governor's Association (WGA) report on geothermal resources in the U.S. Southwest. Using nearly the same economic model, but assuming a higher cost of capital than the one used in the Credit Suisse analysis-in other words, the interest rate that is so troublesome in today's economy-the WGA found that geothermal could be produced from existing resources, using existing technology, for around 6.5 cents per kilowatt-hour, once a 1.9 cent per kilowatt-hour tax credit furnished by the federal government is included.

Although the WGA did not compare the cost of geothermal with coal directly, applying their assumptions to other forms of energy would boost prices across the board, especially for coal-fired plants, which are assumed to last for upward of 50 years. (The assumed 50-year life of a coal-fired power plant allows planners to spread the cost of their construction across an even longer period of time than geothermal plants, which are assumed to last less than half that long.)

Another potential stumbling block is reliability. Both the Credit Suisse and WGA studies assume that geothermal power plants are producing electricity virtually 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Larry Makovich, vice president and senior power advisor at Cambridge Energy Research Associates, believes
this is an exaggeration. "They're assuming that if you put a megawatt of geothermal capacity in you're going to run over 95 percent of the hours in the year," Makovich says. "Here's the catch: if you look at actual electric production of geothermal in the U.S., it runs 62 percent of the time."

Other sources dispute this number-Glitnir bank, a financier of geothermal in Iceland and elsewhere, claims that geothermal plants are operational up to 95 percent of the time, and a 2005 paper (pdf) by academics in the field claims that in aggregate, geothermal plants in the U.S. produce power about 80 percent of the time.

What prevents geothermal plants from running continuously is the sometimes harsh nature of the steam on which they depend. "When you take steam out of the Earth it is different from taking steam out of a boiler from a coal or natural gas plant," Makovich says. "It's got a lot of other stuff in it." That "stuff" can include everything from silica and heavy metals to ammonia,depending on the source.

Geothermal advocates hope that many of these caveats become moot. A tax on the carbon emitted by power plants that rely on fossil fuel, for example, could increase the cost of coal so much that geothermal's issues become unimportant. A carbon cap-and-trade system similar to the one used in Europe would do the same.

And state mandates that a certain percentage of energy come from green and renewable sources already seem to be having an effect. "It's been great to see a change in the market-the enthusiasm," says Kitz, who has been an engineer on geothermal projects since he graduated from college in 1985. "Five years ago I said everyone wants green power as long as it's not one one-thousandth of a cent more expensive than coal. Now people just want renewable power, period-It's nice to be loved."

 
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